在當今能源與環(huán)境緊密交織的時代，脫硫技術(shù)對于減少環(huán)境污染、保障能源清潔利用至關重要。傳統(tǒng)脫硫方法存在成本高、能耗大、二次污染等問題，而生物脫硫技術(shù)作為一種新興的綠色環(huán)保技術(shù)，正逐漸嶄露頭角，為脫硫領域帶來新的生機與活力。?

In today's era where energy and environment are closely intertwined, desulfurization technology is crucial for reducing environmental pollution and ensuring clean energy utilization. Traditional desulfurization methods have problems such as high cost, high energy consumption, and secondary pollution, while biological desulfurization technology, as an emerging green environmental protection technology, is gradually emerging and bringing new vitality and energy to the desulfurization field. ?

生物脫硫的原理?

The principle of biological desulfurization

生物脫硫主要依賴于微生物的代謝活動。自然界中存在著一些特殊的微生物，如氧化亞鐵硫桿菌、排硫桿菌等，它們能夠利用含硫化合物作為能源物質(zhì)進行生長和繁殖。在生物脫硫過程中，這些微生物將含硫化合物（如二氧化硫、硫化氫、有機硫化物等）通過一系列復雜的生物化學反應轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫或硫酸鹽。?

Biological desulfurization mainly relies on the metabolic activity of microorganisms. There are some special microorganisms in nature, such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus excreta, which can use sulfur-containing compounds as energy substances for growth and reproduction. In the process of biological desulfurization, these microorganisms convert sulfur-containing compounds (such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfide, etc.) into elemental sulfur or sulfate through a series of complex biochemical reactions. ?

以硫化氫的生物脫硫為例，氧化亞鐵硫桿菌等自養(yǎng)型微生物在有氧條件下，將硫化氫中的硫元素氧化為單質(zhì)硫，同時自身獲得生長所需的能量。其化學反應式大致為：H?S + 1.5O? → S + H?O + 能量。而對于有機硫化物，微生物則通過特異性的酶系統(tǒng)，將有機硫鍵斷裂，將硫原子氧化為可去除的形式。?

Taking the biological desulfurization of hydrogen sulfide as an example, autotrophic microorganisms such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidize the sulfur element in hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur under aerobic conditions, while obtaining the energy needed for their own growth. The approximate chemical reaction formula is: H ? S+1.5O ? → S+H ? O+energy. For organic sulfides, microorganisms use specific enzyme systems to break organic sulfur bonds and oxidize sulfur atoms into removable forms. ?

常用的脫硫微生物?

Commonly used desulfurization microorganisms

氧化亞鐵硫桿菌：這是一種廣泛應用于生物脫硫的革蘭氏陰性菌。它能夠在酸性環(huán)境中生長，最適生長 pH 值通常在 2.0 - 2.5 之間。氧化亞鐵硫桿菌不僅能氧化硫化物，還能氧化亞鐵離子，在煤炭、石油等含硫能源物質(zhì)的生物脫硫中發(fā)揮著重要作用。?

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: This is a Gram negative bacterium widely used in biological desulfurization. It can grow in acidic environments, and the optimal pH for growth is usually between 2.0-2.5. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans not only oxidizes sulfides but also ferrous ions, playing an important role in the biological desulfurization of sulfur-containing energy substances such as coal and petroleum. ?

排硫桿菌：屬于化能自養(yǎng)型細菌，可利用多種含硫化合物作為電子供體。它對環(huán)境的適應能力較強，能在較寬的溫度和 pH 值范圍內(nèi)生存，在處理工業(yè)廢氣中的硫化氫以及廢水處理中的硫去除方面表現(xiàn)出色。?

Thiobacillus: a chemoautotrophic bacterium that can utilize various sulfur-containing compounds as electron donors. It has strong adaptability to the environment, can survive within a wide range of temperature and pH values, and performs well in treating hydrogen sulfide in industrial waste gas and sulfur removal in wastewater treatment. ?

光合細菌：如紫硫細菌和綠硫細菌等，它們能在光照條件下進行光合作用，同時將硫化物氧化為單質(zhì)硫。光合細菌在一些低濃度含硫廢水的處理以及特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的硫循環(huán)中具有獨特的作用。

Photosynthetic bacteria, such as purple sulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria, can carry out photosynthesis under light conditions while oxidizing sulfides to elemental sulfur. Photosynthetic bacteria play a unique role in the treatment of low concentration sulfur-containing wastewater and in the sulfur cycle of specific ecosystems.

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